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Key findings
Aa
Child mortality
Target: Halve the gap in mortality rates for Indigenous children under five within a decade (by 2018) – Not on track.
• In 2018, the Indigenous child mortality rate was 141 per 100,000 —twice the rate for non-Indigenous children (67 per 100,000)
• The Indigenous child mortality rate has improved by about 7 per cent, but the mortality rate for non-Indigenous children has improved at a faster rate so the gap has widened.
Early childhood education
Target: To have 95 per cent of all Indigenous four-year-olds enrolled in early childhood education by 2025 – On track.
• In 2018, 86.4 per cent of Indigenous four-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education compared with 91.3 per cent of non-Indigenous children
School attendance
Target: Close the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous school attendance within five years (by 2018) – Not on track.
• School attendance rates for Indigenous students have not improved over the past five years.
• Attendance rates for Indigenous students (82 per cent) remain lower than for non-Indigenous students (97 per cent)
• Gaps in attendance typically start at primary school and widen further during secondary school
Literacy and numeracy
Target: Halve the gap for Indigenous children in reading, writing and numeracy within a decade (by 2018) – Not on track.
• But the share of Indigenous students meeting national minimum standards in reading and numeracy has improved since 2008.
• The gap has narrowed across all year levels by between three and 11 percentage points
Life expectancy
Target: Close the life expectancy gap within a generation (by 2031) –
Not on track.
• Between 2015 and 2017, life expectancy at birth was 71.6 years for Indigenous males (8.6 years less than non-Indigenous males) and 75.6 years for Indigenous females (7.8 years less than non-Indigenous females)
• There was an improvement of almost 10 per cent in Indigenous age-standardised mortality rates, but non-Indigenous mortality rates improved at a similar rate, so the gap has not narrowed
Year 12 attainment
Target: Halve the gap for Indigenous Australians aged 20–24 in Year 12 attainment by 2020)– On track.
• In 2018–19, 66 per cent of Indigenous Australians aged 20–24 had attained year 12
• Since 2008, the proportion of Indigenous Australians finishing year 12
• The gap has narrowed by 15 percentage points, as non-Indigenous attainment rates have improved at a slower pace
Employment
Target: Halve the gap in employment outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians within a decade (by 2018) – Not on track.
• In 2018, the Indigenous employment rate was 49 per cent compared to 75 per cent for non-Indigenous Australians
• From 2008 to 2018, the employment rate for Indigenous Australians increased by 0.9 per cent, while for non-Indigenous Australians it fell by 0.4 percentage points, so the gap has not changed much
• Major cities had the highest employment rate at 59 per cent, compared to 35 per cent in very remote areas.
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