Military Sexual Trauma and Military Culture
Why do we have a sexual violence problem in the American military?
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Military Sexual Trauma and Military Culture
Why do we have a sexual violence problem in the American military?
Are Sex and War Linked?
Wherever you find war, you find sexual assault used as a weapon.
Strategic Rape Theory
Terror and Territory
Ethnic Cleansing.
- Fistulas in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a form of sterilzation.
- Systematic gang rape and pregnancy to "infiltrate" the race of the enemy.
"Feminizing" the Enemy
Structural and Feminist theories of gender.
Male = Power
Feminine = Weakness
Freudian Theory
Murderous rage and libidinal energy are
inter-connected.
Historical survey of sexual assault in the military
Is Sexual Violence in War a Recent Phenomenon?
Cultural components that contribute to MST in the American military
The Military Rape Sub-Culture Hypothesis
Theoretical discussion of sex and war.
Are sex and war linked?
Is Sexual Violence in War a Recent Phenomenon?
1914
Rape and brutalization of Belgian women by German soldiers.
World War I
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750 AD
2014
1937
World War II
Rape of Nanking and the
Comfort Women
Isis Rape Camps
Targeting Yazidi
Women In Iraq
The Rape of Sabine Women
Roman Empire
American men and women soldiers sexually harassed, sodomized with objects, and sexually posed detainees.
Private Facebook group "Marines United" shared naked photographs of female colleagues, veterans and other women.
35th Annual Tailhook Association Symposium involving 100 US Navy and US Marine Corps aviation officers who were alleged to have sexually assaulted 83 women and 7 men.
Tailhook Scandal (1991)
"Marines United" (2017)
Abu Ghraib (2003)
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... Attitudes that permit it [sexual violence in the military] to occur are not isolated. Rather, they are so widespread in the services that basic, cultural change will be necessary to remedy harassment... given the pravelance of these attitudes.
- Evelyn Monahan,
President of the National Assocation of Women Veterans
- Subcommittee on Military Personnel and Compensation and the Defense Policy Panel
House of Representatives Investigation into Tailhook
September 14, 1992
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The attitudinal virus, which causes sexual harassment has at its roots the basic disrespect and lack of esteem for women in general. It is an attitudinal virus, this basic disrespect, his lack of esteem that crates and fosters the myth that women have yet to provide themselves in combat situations in the military
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Military Training Academies
"The Military Family"
Aggressive Masculinity
Military Law
American Military Culture
Military Rape Sub-Culture Hypothesis
How can sexual predators hide in military culture? (Zaleski, 2015)
"Military continues to fail rape and sexual assault victims"
Poughkeepsie Journal
October 2, 2018
"Women vets still get a raw deal from VA in many regards, despite their growing numbers".
Tom Philpott
September 15, 2018
"Report shows that Navy ships have high rates of sexual harassment, assault"
KPBS
October 2, 2018
"VA Inspector General: Agency Mishandled Up to 1300 Sexual Trauma Cases"
Daily Beast
August 11, 2018
When I first got to Travis AFB and was being shown around my office, I was approached and asked out on a date before I even made it to my desk...
(Zaleski, 2018)
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What Is the Consequence of a Military Rape Sub-Culture?
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At physical training in the morning, I was wearing shorts, and was told my legs were distracting. I brought it up to my leadership and they laughed it off.
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The battalion commander requested that I come and see him. I remember going into his office. He was sitting in a huge chair, smoking a cigar, he said to me I know about you. You're either a slut or you're a dyke. You've got to choose your friends wisely. I'm watching you. (Hicks, 2011, p. 120)
"My seargeant told me 'this is what guys do' and 'you put yourself here'.
So nothing, you know, you can't go and tell some guy to control his mouth because you are a female. That is what the military is". (Zaleski, 2013).
"It was an astounding admission when Senator John McCain (R-Ariz) confessed that he had advised the mother of a young women interested in joining the military that he couldn't in all good faith tell her it as the right career path for her daughter. McCain wasn't faulting the military for lack of opportunity, or for gender discrimination, but for something far more basic, the continued inability to to protect service women, and men too, from sexual assault, and to give those who are the victims of assault or sexual harassment a fair hearing without fear of retribution."